Ghusl is the full ritual bath required after major ritual impurity, such as janabah.
The basic requirement, agreed upon in meaning by the schools, is to make sure water reaches the entire body. The Hanafi and Hanbali schools also require rinsing the mouth and nose, while the Maliki and Shafi‘i schools hold it recommended. The Prophet ﷺ said that ghusl on Friday is a duty for every Muslim who has reached puberty (Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 858); most scholars understand this Friday bath as strongly recommended.
Step by step
- 1Make the intention in your heart to lift the state of major impurity.
- 2Say “Bismillah” and wash your hands and private area, removing any impurity.
- 3Perform wudu (ablution for prayer). You may delay washing your feet until the end if standing water collects.
- 4Pour water over your head and make sure it reaches the roots of your hair.
- 5Wash the entire body, beginning with the right side, then the left. Ensure water reaches areas such as the armpits, navel, between the toes, and beneath skin folds.
- 6Wash your feet if you delayed them. You may then pray without repeating wudu, provided nothing occurred that breaks it during the bath.
At its core, a valid ghusl means washing the entire body so no area remains dry, including the mouth and nose for those who follow the schools that require it. For detailed personal circumstances—such as hair treatments, wounds, or doubts about water reaching the skin—ask a qualified local scholar.
