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Question 1: Which companion of the Prophet ﷺ is the only one mentioned by name in the Qur'an?
Zayd ibn Harithah
Zayd ibn Harithah, the Prophet's ﷺ freed companion and adopted son, is named directly in Surah Al-Ahzab. No other companion is mentioned by name in the Qur'an.
Qur'an 33:37Question 2: Which caliph is credited with compiling the Qur'an into a single standardized written text?
Uthman ibn Affan
Uthman ibn Affan, the third caliph, oversaw the standardization of the Qur'an into one authoritative written text, sent to major cities of the growing Muslim empire.
Question 3: Which masjid was the first one built by the Prophet ﷺ on arriving near Madinah?
Masjid Quba
The Prophet ﷺ stopped at Quba on the outskirts of Madinah during the Hijra and built a masjid there before Masjid an-Nabawi was established. Muslims still visit Masjid Quba today.
Widely reported in the seerah literatureQuestion 4: Which battle is known as the first major armed conflict between the early Muslims and the Quraysh of Makkah?
Battle of Badr
The Battle of Badr, fought in 624 CE, was the first major battle, where a smaller Muslim force achieved a significant victory.
Question 5: Who was the paternal cousin of the Prophet Muhammad known for narrating a vast number of hadith and later becoming a renowned scholar of Qur'anic interpretation?
Ibn Abbas
Abdullah ibn Abbas, son of the Prophet's paternal uncle Al-Abbas, became one of the most important early scholars of tafsir, Qur'anic interpretation.
Question 6: Which companion was chosen to lead the compilation of the Qur'an during Abu Bakr's caliphate, after many who had memorized it were lost in battle?
Zayd ibn Thabit
Zayd ibn Thabit, the Prophet's scribe, led the compilation effort under Abu Bakr after the Battle of Yamama claimed many who had memorized the Qur'an.
Question 7: What is the term for the year the Prophet Muhammad was born, named for an army that attacked Makkah with elephants?
The Year of the Elephant
The Year of the Elephant refers to the year Abraha's army, which included elephants, attempted to attack the Kaaba and was repelled, an event referenced in Surah Al-Fil.
Question 8: Which of the four rightly guided caliphs ruled for the shortest period, being assassinated less than five years into his caliphate?
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Ali ibn Abi Talib's caliphate, lasting under five years, was marked by internal conflict and ended with his assassination in 661 CE.
Question 9: What is the name of the treaty signed between the Muslims and the Quraysh in 628 CE, later described in the Qur'an as a clear victory?
Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, though initially seen by some companions as a setback, was later described in the Qur'an as a clear victory that opened the way for Islam to spread.
Qur'an 48:1Question 10: Which document is considered one of the earliest constitutions, establishing rights and responsibilities among the different communities of Madinah after the Hijra?
Constitution of Madinah
The Constitution of Madinah organized relations between the Muslims and other groups, including Jewish tribes, in the city after the Prophet's arrival.
Question 11: In which sermon did the Prophet Muhammad address a large gathering of Muslims shortly before his death, emphasizing equality and justice?
The Farewell Sermon
The Farewell Sermon, delivered during the Prophet's final pilgrimage, emphasized equality among people, the sanctity of life and property, and the completion of his message.
Question 12: What is the name given to the night journey and ascension of Prophet Muhammad from Makkah to Jerusalem and then through the heavens?
Al-Isra wal Mi'raj
Al-Isra wal Mi'raj refers to the miraculous night journey from Makkah to Jerusalem and the subsequent ascension through the heavens.
Qur'an 17:1Question 13: Which early Muslim is remembered as the first person to be martyred for Islam, killed by the Quraysh in Makkah?
Sumayyah bint Khabbab
Sumayyah bint Khabbab is widely remembered as the first martyr in Islam, killed for refusing to renounce her faith during the early persecution in Makkah.
Question 14: What is the name given to the pledges made by a group of Madinans to the Prophet Muhammad at Aqaba, before the Hijra, which paved the way for the migration to Madinah?
The Pledges of Aqaba
The First and Second Pledges of Aqaba were made by groups of Madinans who accepted Islam and invited the Prophet to their city, laying the groundwork for the Hijra.
Question 15: Who succeeded Abu Bakr as the second rightly guided caliph and oversaw major territorial expansion of the Muslim state?
Umar ibn al-Khattab
Umar ibn al-Khattab became the second caliph after Abu Bakr and led significant expansion, including into Persia and the Levant, during his rule from 634 to 644 CE.
About the Expert Quiz
This is the hardest quiz in the series, built for those who already know the basics and want a real challenge. It draws on Islamic history, the structure of the Qur'an, and lesser-known but well-established facts about the early Muslim community, testing depth of knowledge rather than trivia.
Every fact here is established and widely agreed upon, nothing disputed or obscure enough to be uncertain. See how many of these 15 advanced questions you can answer correctly.